Limits, derivatives and the first integrals.
The function toolkit calculus runs on: composition and inverses, trig in radians, and exponentials with their logarithms.
What a function approaches, from either side and at infinity: the idea every derivative and integral is built on.
The instantaneous rate of change as a function in its own right, and every rule for computing it: powers, products, quotients, the chain rule and implicit differentiation.
Using derivatives to find peaks and valleys, read the shape of a graph, optimize, approximate, and solve equations numerically.
Antiderivatives, the area under a curve, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus that ties them together.
Slice, approximate, add: average values, areas between curves, volumes of solids, and the work done by a changing force.

Derivatives as rates of change

Limits

Computing limits: the squeeze theorem

Infinite limits and vertical asymptotes

The precise definition of a limit

The Mean Value Theorem

Optimization

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Volumes by disks and washers

Functions and inverse functions

One-sided limits and continuity

Differentiation formulas: the power rule

Product rule

Derivatives of hyperbolic functions

Critical points and absolute extrema

Average function value

The definite integral and Riemann sums

The substitution rule