How Discrete Mathematics is used in Biology

Botany

\theta_k = k\alpha, \quad \rho_k = c\sqrt{k}, \qquad \alpha = \frac{360^\circ}{\varphi^2} \approx 137.5^\circ, \qquad \frac{F_{n+1}}{F_n} \to \varphi

The Fibonacci recurrence and the golden ratio

\theta_k = k\alpha, \quad \rho_k = c\sqrt{k}, \qquad \alpha = \frac{360^\circ}{\varphi^2} \approx 137.5^\circ, \qquad \frac{F_{n+1}}{F_n} \to \varphi

The Fibonacci recurrence and the golden ratio